Simulation Weapon and trauma in the Bronze Age-Arrow head impact on human skull

In this tutorial, the Simulation Weapon and Trauma in the Bronze Age-Arrow head impact on human skull in Abaqus software has been investigated. From c. 2200 BC onwards, the material culture of Central Europe saw an increase in the production of weapons such as axes, halberds, daggers, and later on swords. Without a doubt, these were prestigious objects, but at the same time wear traces on swords indicate their true use as weapons. Further information on the belligerent nature of Bronze Age society is provided by the settlement structure

The skull part shape is imported into the software because of its huge complexity. The arrowhead is also imported to the Abaqus. The bone and bronze materials are assigned to the skull and the arrowhead. You can see a figure of the assembled parts below

The dynamic explicit step with mass scale technique to reduce the time of the simulation is selected. To consider internal element failure, the interaction is defined in the input file with some codes. The proper boundary and loads are applied to the skull and arrowhead. The mesh should be fine to obtain tangible results

After the simulation, all results such as stress, strain, penetration, failure, damage, and others are available. You can see some figures for the results below