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Introduction Lightweight sandwich composite structures have gained significant attention in aerospace, automotive, marine, and defense applications due to their high specific strength, excellent energy absorption capacity, and superior impact resistance. Among these, glass fiber–reinforced polymer (GFRP)–metal foam–GFRP composite panels represent a promising class of hybrid sandwich structures that combine the ...

In this example, an SSFRRC beam with a normal concrete outer layer, CFRP composite material, and steel bars as reinforcement is considered. To model the SSFRRC beam, the Concrete Damaged Plasticity model is used for the refractory concrete; the Johnson–Holmquist model is applied to the normal concrete; the Johnson–Cook hardening ...

Interlocking masonry constructed from rubberized concrete represents a sustainable alternative to traditional masonry systems, offering benefits such as reduced material waste, improved deformability, and enhanced energy absorption. The incorporation of recycled rubber into concrete alters its mechanical behavior, introducing nonlinear characteristics that influence the performance of interlocking block assemblies under ...

The dynamic analysis of three-point bending tests on bolted steel splice connections provides vital insight into the structural performance of steel members subjected to impact or rapidly applied loads. Unlike quasi-static loading, dynamic bending introduces strain-rate effects, inertia forces, and potential changes in failure mechanisms that can significantly influence the ...

Bond–slip behavior is a fundamental aspect of reinforced concrete mechanics, governing how stresses are transferred between reinforcing bars and the surrounding concrete. For ribbed steel reinforcement, this interaction is dominated by mechanical interlock, surface friction, and the progressive formation of microcracks within the concrete matrix. Understanding this behavior is essential ...

Fire behavior of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) composites has been extensively studied due to their increasing use in aerospace, automotive, and civil engineering structures, where fire safety is critical. The literature consistently highlights that CFRP exhibits excellent mechanical performance at ambient conditions but suffers significant degradation when exposed to ...

A Coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian (CEL) analysis of an underwater explosion near a pipeline is a numerical simulation approach widely used in nonlinear dynamics and hydrodynamics to model how shock waves and bubble effects from an explosion interact with nearby structures Modeling underwater explosions (UNDEX) is challenging because the event involves extreme ...

This review summarizes experimental findings, failure mechanisms, and numerical modeling approaches for ceramic strike-face / UHMWPE-back composite armors subjected to high-velocity ballistic impacts. Hybrid ceramic/polymer armors were developed to reduce areal density while maintaining ballistic protection comparable to metallic systems. Ceramics (Al₂O₃, SiC, B₄C, and others) provide extreme surface hardness ...

Cold-formed steel members filled with ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) have gained increasing attention in modern structural engineering due to their excellent mechanical performance, durability, and potential for lightweight, high-load-bearing applications. In particular, square cold-formed UHPC-filled dual steel stiffened slender columns consist of an outer cold-formed steel tube, an inner steel or ...

Bolted steel splice connections play a critical role in the continuity and integrity of structural steel members. During a fire, these connections are subjected to extreme thermal and mechanical demands that can significantly alter their performance. Understanding their behavior under elevated temperatures is essential for ensuring the fire resilience of ...